Yellowstone, waterfalls are simply awesome!

The geysers, hot springs and waterfalls are incredible and worth every stop and hike to see them.

 Upper Falls in Yellowstone. This link has info about all of the Yellowstone water falls.

The Kepler Cascades were named in 1881 for the 12 year old son of Wyoming’s territorial governor, Kepler Hoyt.

Stay tuned for geysers and hot springs!

Devil's Tower, Wyoming

Devil's Tower has been a source of fascination for me ever since I saw the movie Close Encounters of the Third Kind. It is a stock, a small intrusive body formed by magma which cooled underground and was later exposed by erosion. * (Source of information Park News 2013, National Park Service, U. S. Department of the Interior) The magma which formed Devil's Tower cooled and crystallized into a rock type known as phonolite porphyry. It is a light to dark-gray or greenish-gray igneous rock with crystals of white feldspar. As the rock cooled, it contracted forming hexagonal (and sometimes 4,5,and 7 sided) columns separated by vertical cracks.

This is a view as you drive up from the entrance to the park.

There are several legends about the Tower.

This is the opposite side. The sun is not shining on the rock from this view, but we were near the base of the tower, near the boulders that have broken off of the tower.

Various climbers were making an assent to the top. With my binoculars we watched them climb for a few minutes. Records of Tower climbs have been kept since 1937 and every year some 5,000 climbers come from all over the world to climb on the massive columns using over 220 climbing routes.

Prairie dogs are found in the flat lands at the base of the mountain where the tower is located. This one posed for a picture before scurrying to his hole and disappearing.













If you want to read about the climbing experiences of those who have reached the top of Devil's Tower, just do a Google search on climbing Devil's Tower. It is fascinating reading!

Spearfish Canyon and Deadwood graves and beer

Sheer rock walls are the norm when driving through Spearfish Canyon. The stream cut the canyon through the rock about 5 million years ago.

One of the waterfalls, Roughlock Falls was the location for one of the last scenes in Dances with Wolves. 

Above the falls the stream is clear, shallow and swift moving.

Even the tallest of the falls at Roughlock is only about 20 feet tall, and easy to access with a 1 mile drive off of the highway.

Bridal veil falls is a tall and narrow column of water. There has been a lot of rain this year, so everything is green. This also means that the big horn sheep don't come down from the mountains to eat, so we didn't see any.

 In Deadwood, we went to Mt. Moriah Cemetary where Buffalo Bill and Calamity Jane are buried. She died after he did and asked to be buried next to him. There are graves with dates from the early 1800's.

Just at the edge of Spearfish, we found a local brew pub, Crow Peak. The had a number of their beers on tap. Like many of the microbreweries, they provide their spent grain to farmers to feed their livestock. The brewer said one of the farmers who received the spent grains presented him with a chicken grown on his spent grain. He plans to use the spent grain in his compost pile and others use it to make bread. It's a good use of the by product of a delicious beer. 

Mt. Rushmore, bison, T Rex and teddy bears

The day began with a trip to Mt. Rushmore. The road is winding and narrow and includes some one-lane tunnels through solid rock. Honking your horn lets people know you are entering. The tunnels aren't long and you can see out the other side, but they are just barely wide enough for one car to pass through at a time. The pigtail bridges on Iron Mountain Road help to align the road to the one lane tunnels that pass through the mountain. 

A herd of bison were leisurely strolling along the road in Custer State Park. Many calves were present too. It seemed that the bison were oblivious to the cars and walked where ever they liked.

There is a wonderful exhibit of dinosaurs and fossils of all kinds in Hill City at the Black Hills Institute of Geological Research. Stan is a famous T Rex that was found in northwestern South Dakota. This T Rex skeleton is a replica of a T Rex.

This is the actual skull of Stan, the T Rex.

Less menacing than Stan are the 8000+ teddy bears that Jackie Miley has collected at Teddy Bear Town. This picture show a fraction of the collection in her location in Hill City, SD. The bears are not for sale and Jackie receives bears from all over the USA and the world to add to her collection from people who have visited her. Some bears come with stories, sometimes poignant and sometimes funny and she displays them all. She has set a Guinness Book of World Records for the largest collection of teddy bears.

Adventures in Wyoming and South Dakota

Driving through southwestern Wyoming we found the Chugwater Soda Fountain in Chugwater, Wyoming. It is one of a handful of buildings and claims to be the oldest soda fountain in Wyoming. Great homemade milkshakes there! Chugwater is also known for its chili. This cafe serves bowls of steaming chili. I settled for taking home a packet of their chili seasoning which includes a recipe for making the chili. The Chugwater Chili Corp. will ship all kinds of chili items.

The Wyoming countryside changes around every turn from grasslands with mountains in the distance to spectacular rock formations.

Mammoth Site in Hot Springs, SD is an indoor working palentological site where more than 61 mammoths have been unearthed.

Many cultures used the bones of the mammoths to create their homes.

You can walk inside, this is a view from inside looking out the door.

The Colombia Mammoth was larger than the wooly mammoth. This replica was on exhibit at the visitor's center.

 In Hill City, SD John Lopez created a sculpture of a horse using all kinds of metal objects.

Majestic, just like his live friends who can be seen all over South Dakota.

Maybe tomorrow we will see some buffalo!

Every Monday for 23 years...Yum!

We went to the Night Shift Saloon for a late lunch because my husband and brother-in-law had a craving for a burrito, not just any burrito, the Night Shift Burrito. Some years ago I went with them to the Night Shift Saloon and enjoyed a burrito, but since it was Monday, and one of the specials was a bean and ham hock soup I was temped to stray from the guys as I ordered.

The deciding factor was when I learned that this soup had been served here for the past 23 years, every Monday. Anything that merited that degree of longevity deserved to be sampled.

It did not disappoint. The bowl of thick soup with white beans and tender morsels of ham was delicious. Tiny bits of orange (carrots) appeared as I was scooping up each spoonful. An enormous piece of tender cornbread accompanied the soup and I made quick work of both.

Susie, the creator of the soup, shared that she uses onion, beans, carrot, garlic and smoked ham hocks and cooks it in a pressure cooker. She has been doing this for years and has created a masterpiece. The seasoning was perfect, the serving temperature was in the Goldilocks zone, just right, not too hot. I wish I could have eaten another bowl full and it was a generous portion of soup. I was praising the soup and a customer asked about it. When his bowl of soup came out, I snapped a picture of it.

If you are anywhere in the Denver area, the Night Shift Saloon should be on your list of places to eat...especially on a Monday!

More fun with spent grains!

This auvergne crown, about 14 inches in diameter, was created using Daniel Leader's recipe with a few changes. His recipe uses 3.25 cups of bread flour. I substituted one cup of spent grains for one of the cups of bread flour. After drying the grains thoroughly, they were ground in the blender to a fine consistency, not quite as fine as flour.

Wort from the beer making process was used instead of the 1.5 cup of water. The wort was heated to about 90 degrees before adding to the flour.



This recipe begins by activating a stiff dough levain with water and flour, it doesn't use any yeast, just this starter. (The starter is created by capturing wild yeast in a flour and water mixture over several days. Daniel Leader's book explains how to do this.) The dough mixes easily in the mixer and the mixer was used to knead the dough. It is a little sticky and kneading with the mixer works very well. The inside of the bread is light in texture, as dark in color as you see in the picture on the outside and is great for sandwiches.

Shaping the crown is easy. Just form a boule and make a hole in the middle. Then insert your fingers to gently open the hole in the dough. Just picking it up in the middle will create a loop that you then place on a piece of parchment to allow the dough to proof. You don't want to degas the dough, handle it as gently and briefly as possible.

Sift a veil of flour over the surface of the crown, cover it and allow it to proof for about 1.5 hours at room temperature. Just before baking, slice the surface with a wet serrated sharp knife.

To compensate for the loss of heat in the oven when opening the door, I preheat to about 50 degrees higher than the recipe calls for. I tend to lose about 50 degrees when inserting the bread and ice cubes to create steam. Once the bread is in the oven I re-set the temperature called for in the recipe. This seems to work well.

Daniel Leader's book, Local Breads, is a great resource if you want to learn about starters and sourdough and other whole-grain bread recipes.